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Gut bacterial chemical promotes obesity

2月

11日

Delta-valerobetaine, a bacterial metabolite is said to provide a starting point to understand our gut microbiome as a link between diet and body composition, according to Dean Jones, professor of medicine at Emory University School of Medicine and co-senior author of the paper in a January 31, 2022 Futurity.org article. Delta-valerobetaine was identified by comparing the livers of conventionally housed mice with those in germ-free mice.

Researchers found that the delta-valerobetaine decreases the liver’s ability to burn fat during fasting periods. The molecule was first identified by Ken Liu, a former molecular and systems pharmacology graduate student who is the first author of the paper.

Certain varieties of bacteria are believed to produce more delta-valerobetaine than others. The Futurity.org article says the Cleveland Clinic confirmed that TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide) of which Delta-valerobetaine is a precursor, is associated with cardiovascular disease.

https://www.futurity.org/metabolite-intestinal-bacteria-obesity-2689822/

guts of carnivorous female versus male minks vary widely

1月

31日

A January 11 2022 article in Phys.org says dramatic differences in the gut microbiome of female and male American minks.

According to Erin McKenney, co-author of the study and an assistant professor of applied ecology at North Carolina State University, the guts of carnivores are much more short and simple than the guts of omnivores and herbivores, yet gender differences are still significant. Researchers say this will help understanding and develop future study design of animal gut microbiome.

http://phys.org/news/2022-01-distinct-gut-microbiomes-male-female.html

Enhaler for COPD patients makes them more susceptible to Pneumonia

1月

21日

source: www.123rf.com

Fluticasone-based inhaled corticosteroid treatment substantially changed airway microbiome diversity in patients with COPD, according to new data published in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.

“Inhaled corticosteroids . . . can change the microbial communities of airways of COPD patients, rendering them more susceptible for pneumonia,” Don D. Sin, MD, director and De Lazzari Family Chair at the Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Canada Research Chair in COPD and professor of respiratory medicine, department of medicine at St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, is quoted saying in Healio.

The study results according to the Healio report related to “reduced abundances of Pasteurellas, Pasteurellaceae and Haemophilus.” It also suggests that further studies are needed to determine “which bacterial organisms are responsible for keeping the microbiome airway healthy”.

https://www.healio.com/news/pulmonology/20220103/fluticasonebased-ics-laba-therapy-changes-airway-microbiome-in-copd

https://www.healio.com/news/pulmonology/20211129/ics-dose-may-be-risk-factor-for-p-aeruginosa-infection-in-severe-copd

Scientists at Ferring develop biomarker to measure gut bacteria impacted by antibiotic treatments

1月

9日

source: dreamstime.com

According to a December 07 2022 article, Ferring Company developed a first-of-its-kind prototype biomarker algorithm that measures the positive and negative impact on our gut microbiome of using antibiotics.

The Ferring MHI-A algorithm differentiates post-antibiotic dysbiosis from healthy microbiota in the gut associated with healthy Bacteroidia and Clostridia, versus potentially harmful species such as Gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli.

Researchers at Ferring say MHI-A is a useful for rank-ordering the microbiota-disrupting effects of antibiotics and a measure of microbiota restoration. Ken Blount, Chief Scientific Officer, Rebiotix, Vice President Microbiome Research, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, is quoted by Business Wire as saying, “This biomarker provides a concise metric for assessing the complex changes in the microbiome of trial participants pre- to post-treatment.”

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.781275

https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220107005052/en/Frontiers-in-Microbiology-Publishes-Article-Detailing-Novel-Microbiome-based-Biomarker-of-Post-Antibiotic-Disruptions-in-Gut-Microbiota

Nature is doing its own repairing with growth of plastic eating enzymes

12月

31日

Scientists at the Chalmers University in Sweden that one in every four organisms in the microbiomes they studied carries a protein sequence for plastic-degrading enzymes, according to an article published December 16 2021 in The Nerdist.com.

Scientists identified locations where these plastic degrading microbiomes are growing in number alongside plastic pollution in the oceans. As to whether or not this development is keeping up with plastic pollution growth is still to be determined.

https://nerdist.com/article/ocean-plastic-pollution-causing-rise-in-plastic-eating-microbes/?amp

https://medium.com/illumination/microbes-to-clean-the-oceans-c2e55d65ff9c

Autism tied to mother's microbiome

12月

13日

source: dreamstime.com

According to a December 08 2021 Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News (Genengnews) article, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be sourced by inflammation in the mother's womb leading to gastrointestinal issues in the child.

Based on mouse models of autism used by scientists at Harvard (Medical School) and MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), IL-17A not only changes the mother’s gut microbiome but it also alters brain development in the fetus, affecting the offspring’s immune system. This change in immune development primes the offspring for inflammatory attacks of the gut after birth, leading to neurodevelopmental and immunological symptoms (1).

The findings are based on mouse studies of IL-17a during pregnancy by Gloria Choi, PhD, associate professor at the department of brain and cognitive sciences at the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Jun Huh, PhD, associate professor of immunology, Harvard Medical School.

In related news in 2017, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute discovered a new way to identify children on the autism spectrum based on concentrations of specific substances, folate-dependent one-carbon (FOCM) metabolism and transsulfuration (TS) pathways, found in their blood samples (2).

1) https://www.genengnews.com/topics/omics/autism-linked-immune-problems-are-caused-by-maternal-gut-bacteria/

2) https://www.genengnews.com/news/autism-blood-test-incorporates-big-data-techniques/

phenolic compounds in food aid in reducing free radicals; TCM dismissed by WebMD

11月

12日

According to a mice study and other studies reported in Handawi on November 08 2021, phenolic compounds effectively reduced oxidative stress from the buildup of free radicals. Free radicals are known to lead to various diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases (1).

Phenolic compounds have received considerable attention for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties. Two main compounds mentioned here are protocatechuic acid (PCA) and protocatechuic aldehyde (PAL).

Phenolic compounds are naturally present in many plant-based foods such as fruits, vegetables, beans, spices, rice, crops, legumes, hemp, and lentils. Herbs such as basil, lemon thyme, and mint also contain high concentrations of these anti-oxidant compounds.

Salvia miltiorrhiza, also known as red sage, Chinese sage, danshen, is a perennial plant in the genus Salvia, commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. While Danshen possesses high concentrations of PCA and PAL, WebMD warns that eating too much of it and for some people, it can cause upset stomach. On the other hand, WebMD fails to sight any scientific evidence or research it’s claims about Danshen while acknowledging that the same therapeutic compounds in other western foods are effective (2).

According to the Handawi article, the effectiveness of distributing these antioxidants to the body and brain depends in part on the gut microbiome ability to biotransform them into lower molecular weight compounds (1).

1. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2021/6139308/

2. https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-931/danshen

tastes for bitter veggies influenced by oral microbes

11月

7日

source: depositphotos.com

According to a November 02 2021 report by Ars Technica, oral microbiome in human saliva can affect odor detection, which may be linked to individual tastes for or against certain bitter chemicals in our food.

According to the report, about 25 percent of people can't taste propylthiouracil (PROP), a chemical that is similar to the bitter compounds found in cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, coffee, tonic water, and dark beers. This means 75% of people detect unpleasant bitterness in these vegetables and beverages.

The bitter compounds in these foods are called glucosinolates. There are about 25 “bitterness genes”, according to scientists, which are also responsible for much of the nutritional value of these foods. Beyond the genetics, some people take kindly to certain types of bitterness and not others, matters of personal preferences.

https://apple.news/ADD2K-b7DRnSUh-Gz1WCVHg

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03889

What antibiotics disturb our gut microbiome

10月

29日

source: dreamstime.com

Antibiotics are used to fight pathogens but also target commensal bacteria, disturbing the composition of gut microbiota and causing dysbiosis and disease.

According to an October 13 2021 Medical Express report, antibiotics are known to cause asthma, food allergies, obesity, gastrointestinal problems and Clostridioides difficile infections.

The October 13 2021 article in Nature said 144 antibiotics were studied to assess their affect on 38 human gut microbiome species. The study found that two common antibiotics macrolides and tetracyclines, inhibited nearly all gut bacteria tested, but also killed several species.

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2021-10-tackling-collateral-antibiotics.html

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03986-2

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03986-2

#antibiotics #guthealth #gutmicrobiome #medicine #wellness

Rhubarb and Phellodendron bark Keys to anti inflammatory herbal medicine

10月

22日

source: Dreamstime.com

Rhubarb, Scutellaria root, Phellodendron bark, and Coptidis rhizome are commonly used to make “San Huang Powder.” Study by researchers determined that this herb extract was proved to be antibacterial and anti inflammatory, according to an October 12 2021 report in Hindawi.com.

The in-vitro assay showed that Rhubarb and Phellodendron bark extracts decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines, IL-8, and GM-CSF on LPS-induced HMEC-1 cells. These two herbs are key ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine “San Huang Powder” used to treat burns.

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2021/2900060/

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By HerbSprout.com

https://herbsprout.home.blog/ HERBSPROUT ADVISORY BOARD: ___________________________

●Jenny Pandol, Co-owner/founder/ COO, Microbiome Learning Center;
●Dr. Sabine Hazan, Founder and CEO, Progenabiome and Ventura Clinical Trials;
●Naveen Jain, Founder & CEO, Viome
●Hans Parge, ex-Pfizer director;
●Rob Greenlee, VP, Libsyn;
___________________________

●Cindy Postma, essential oils;
●Chris Kenji Beer, herbs & microbiome;
●Ely Diana, translation/ support services.
___________________________

Cindy Postma has been a writer and editor across all disciplines. She has been an instructor of Asian studies at Kings College (Cambridge), Columbia, and Cornell. She received her PhD from Kyoto University, Masters from Columbia University, and undergraduate from The University of Washington. She is proficient in four Asian languages and French. ____________________________

I am Chris Kenji Beer, Herbsprout writer and editor. I come from a family of health nuts. My mom was a psyche major and shared her Japanese culinary tradition. Uncle Tetsuo was and cousin Satoru Harada is a surgeon. Aunt Shigeko was a dietitian in Hiroshima before complications from the nuclear fallout took her life. I am currently enrolled at Bastyr University's Ayurvedic Health Advisor program. In the past, I spent many years researching health care. I was published on the topic "Japanese Health Care for the Elderly" by the U.S. - Japan Foundation, and as co-author of health care reports for National Conference of State Legislatures Health Services Program, NW Asian Weekly, & as Editor/ co-Publisher of Asia Pacific Economic Review. Email us with questions or comments @ sales@mzinger.com. ____________________________

The contents of this webblog is not intended to be used to treat, cure, mitigate, or diagnose any medical condition. The readers must consult your doctor before you make any changes that could affect your health.