Japanese Sake : All Japan News,Inc

Japan has four distinct seasons, thus enjoying a long-established custom of taking in the seasonal ambiance with seasonal sake each season. “Hanamizake” (“sake for flower-viewing”) is sake representative of the spring. Banquets were held at the imperial court to view seasonal flowers from the Nara period (710-794 AD). At the time, banquets were organized to view Chinese plums, which changed to cherry blossoms after the Heian period (794-1185 AD).  

During the Momoyama period (1573-1615) in March 1598, feudal lord Hideyoshi Toyotomi hosted a cherry blossom viewing banquet at the Sanpoin Garden of Daigoji Temple in Kyoto, documented in history to have been a luxurious flower-viewing banquet. Flower-viewing became a year-round custom enjoyed by the general public during the Edo period (1603-1867). At the time, sightseeing spots to view cherry blossoms in Edo included Mukojima, Ueno, Ojiasukayama, Gotenyama, and Koganei. Families and neighbors were invited, and sake and bento (lunch boxes) were taken to view the cherry blossoms. During the Heian period (794-1185 AD), the imperial court held a flower-viewing banquet on March 3, when guests released cups of sake into the river, created a poem before their cups passed by, then drank their cups of sake.         

Boating was often enjoyed near a cool river during summer banquets. During the Edo Period (1603-1867), a lavish festival held at the Sumidagawa (Sumida River) of Ryogoku (district in modern-day Tokyo) marked the beginning of the boating season. After a banquet held at a restaurant in Yanagibashi or Mukojima, guests took out their boats and enjoyed fireworks. Some houseboats also served sake and accompaniments.      

“Tsukimizake” (“sake for moon-viewing”) is enjoyed during the fall season. Traditionally, the moon-viewing custom was enjoyed only during the fall harvest festival. On August 15 of the lunar calendar (on a full moon or the fifteenth night) and on September 13 (on the thirteenth night), guests enjoyed cups of sake outdoors as they took in the moon. On this day during the Edo Period (1603-1867), boats ventured out into the Sumidagawa (Sumida River), while neighboring restaurants bustled with guests.        

September 9 of the lunar calendar marks one of the five festivals, the chrysanthemum-viewing banquet. A custom introduced from China to Japan in ancient times, the chrysanthemum-viewing banquet became a year-round event celebrated by the imperial court during the Heian period (794-1185 AD). The imperial court enjoyed “chrysanthemum sake,” sake infused with chrysanthemums. The Imperial court held the chrysanthemum-viewing party one more time in October during the Edo Period (1603-1867).  

And finally, “Yukimizake” (“sake for snowscape-viewing”) is enjoyed during the winter season. Yukimizake was said to be enjoyed during the Heian period (794-1185 AD), the ultimate way to enjoy sake elegantly since Emperor Shirakawa was entertained in a courtyard covered with snow. 

In this way, sake was enjoyed outdoors viewing nature on many occasions since ancient times. The custom of enjoying sake outdoors still remains today as hanamizake (sake for flower-viewing) and tsukimizake (sake for moon-viewing).   


*The five festivals (Jan 7th, March 3rd, May 5th, July 7th and Sep 9th)


四季で楽しむ日本酒

日本は四季がはっきりとしているため、古くから四季折々の風情を楽しむ、さまざまな遊び酒の風習があった。 春の遊び酒の代表は「花見酒」である。宮中での観花の宴は、すでに奈良時代から行なわれていたが、当時は花といえば梅で、観桜の宴となったのは平安時代以降のこととされる。桃山時代の慶長三年（1598）三月、京都の醍醐寺三宝院で豊臣秀吉が催した醍醐の花見は、絢欄豪華な花見の宴として歴史に残る。花見が庶民の年中行事になったのは江戸時代に入って からである。江戸では、向島、上野、王子飛鳥山、御殿山、小金井が桜の名所で、家族はもとより隣近所も誘い合わせ、酒弁当を持参で花見に出かけた。 

また、平安時代の宮中では、三月三日の上巳の節会に、流れる水に杯を流し、その杯が自分の前を通過しないうちに詩歌を作ってその杯の酒を飲むという「曲水の宴」が催された。 

夏の宴といえば、涼しい川辺での舟遊びがある。江戸時代、盛大に行なわれた両国の隅田川の川開きでは、柳橋や向島などの茶屋での酒宴の後、涼み船を出して花火を楽しんだ。酒肴の用意された屋形船もあった。

秋は月見酒。この月見の風習は、古くは秋の収穫祭のひとつだったとされ、陰暦8月15日の十五夜と9月13日の十三夜、野外で名月を愛でながら酒を酌み交わす。江戸時代、隅田川ではこの日も川船が繰り出し、界隈の料理屋は大いに賑わったという。

陰暦9月9日は五節句のひとつ、重陽の節句であり、観菊の宴が催される。古くから中国で伝えられた風習で平安時代に宮中の年中行事となった。宮中では菊の花を浸した「菊花の酒」が賜られた。「重陽の宴」「菊の宴」「菊見の宴」などとも言う。また、宮中では江戸時代までは10月に入ってからもう一度、菊見の宴が催され、こちらは「残菊の宴」と呼ばれた。

冬の風流な遊び酒の代表は、雪景色を眺めながら酒を飲む「雪見酒」であろう。雪見酒は平安時代にはすでに楽しまれていたといわれてているが、雪の降る積む庭で白河院をもてなしたという風流話「小野御幸」の故事以来、遊び酒のなかでも雅遊の極みとされている。

このように、古くから季節を愛でる遊び酒の多くは、酒とともに自然の風物を味わう野外酒だった。野外酒の風習は今日でも、花見酒や月見会、芋煮会などの形で残っている。